Chances are you’ve got a lot going on at the moment.
When someone you love dies, it can feel like getting a new job. You have to organize all your loved one’s belongings, read so many forms and sign so many documents you feel like a lawyer, and make sure the pets have a place to stay — it’s a lot, to say the least.
So, just to be clear that this is what you need and you aren’t wasting your time, this article is about navigating the probate process in North Carolina, specifically.
If probate still confuses the heck out of you (which is completely understandable), then you should read our article about what probate is and whether or not you even need it.
It explains if you need a lawyer, how to know if you’re the personal representative or not, and demystifies the process so you can feel confident in your choices.
Because the last thing you want is to go through all of this trouble if you don’t even have to. Believe us.
The link to that blog is right here 👇
Read more: What is Probate, and Do I Even Need It?
On a broader note, probate is just part of the “estate settlement” process people spend an average of over 500 hours and $15,000 on during the first 18 months after someone dies.
That’s an enormous amount of time and responsibility, and having a step-by-step list you can just check off as you go along is a godsend.
That way you know exactly where to begin and when you can call it quits.
You can get that checklist along with an exact idea of everything you need to do when someone passes away right here.
Now that we have that settled, let’s get specific about probate in North Carolina.
What is Probate in North Carolina
North Carolina probate is the formal, court-supervised process of carrying out one's last wishes by validating their last will & testament (if any), resolving any outstanding debts or taxes, and distributing any remaining assets to rightful heirs.
Probate can be complicated, but it’s just the legal collecting of everything someone owns and officially giving it to the right people (and giving the government their cut, of course).
It begins with contacting the court and ends with all estate taxes paid, death certificates filed, and assets officially distributed to rightful heirs and surviving family members.
Probate exists to prevent families from jumping in like a bunch of sharks to claim whatever cars, bank accounts, and other assets a family member had, and to make sure things like a death certificate, funeral arrangements, and estate taxes are handled correctly.
And because probate is a legal process— the rules and procedures vary regionally based on local laws, applicable forms & other established practices.
Which is why we’ve put together this helpful resource as a comprehensive guide for anyone navigating probate in North Carolina.
What Probate in North Carolina looks like
North Carolina probate follows this general flow: contact the court, get appointed as personal representative, submit will if it exists, inventory and submit valuations of all relevant assets, have the court and beneficiaries approve it, and then distribute the assets to beneficiaries.
- And as the executor or personal representative of an estate, you are also responsible for:
- ✔️ Filing a petition for probate to the probate court in the country of the deceased
- ✔️ Deciding if there are any probate assets
- ✔️ Managing and locating these assets
- ✔️ Valuing and appraising the estate’s assets
- ✔️ Receiving payments and paying taxes on behalf of the estate
- ✔️ Setting up an estate checking account and EIN
- ✔️ Interpreting the will
- ✔️ Communicating and working with heirs/beneficiaries
- ✔️ If there is no will, then distributing assets according to local law
- ✔️ Valuing and appraising the estate’s assets
- ✔️ Officially notifying creditors
- ✔️ Following all legal deadlines
- ✔️ Paying funeral bills
- ✔️ Filing estate tax returns
- ✔️ Submitting death certificate
- ✔️ Submitting distribution receipts and officially closing the estate
There are even more tiny steps in between, but that’s the gist.
Yes, probate can feel like a lot, but remember that the process is often spread out over a year and you're even entitled to be paid executor fees as a portion of the estate (the collective value of all qualifying assets).
And having to manage all of these little details is exactly why having tools that walk you through every single step and ensure you don’t miss anything are so helpful.
They can help tremendously by:
- Showing you every last thing you need to do when someone passes (that way you know when you’re done).
- Giving you an exact list of deadlines and timelines for your particular state and jurisdiction.
- Highlighting other key details in local laws you should be aware of.
- Keeping all of your related tasks in one spot on your phone.
- Making sure you calculate the value of your assets correctly (miscalculation is a common and costly mistake).
So if skipping the headaches by having a step-by-step guide of what to do when someone passes in your particular jurisdiction sounds good to you, then click here.
Do I have to go through Probate in North Carolina?
The short answer is usually, but not always. The larger your estate, the more likely you are to have to go through probate — particularly if you own real estate in North Carolina.
Probate usually happens when:
The will wasn’t written well
The assets are complex and high value
The proper heir is debated
There are disputes over how to divide certain assets
The heir or beneficiary is still a minor
Real estate is involvedYou can skip probate in North Carolina with a Small Estate Administration Claim
Qualifying as a small estate can mean bypassing probate altogether and distributing assets much faster and with a few less headaches.
In the state of North Carolina, estates may generally qualify as a small estate if total assets of the estate are less than $20,000 (or potentially $30,000 for surviving spouses), and 30 days have passed since the date of death.
The form to qualify as a small estate can be found here.
Probate assets can include everything from cars, to personal belongings, financial accounts or real estate depending on who owns them upon death and how they’re legally titled.
To learn more about the difference in probate and non-probate assets, check out our comprehensive guide here.
Source: North Carolina General Statutes – Chapter 28A Article 25 (NCGS §28A-25-1)
Forms: North Carolina Probate Form AOC-E-203B
Dying without a will in North Carolina
Also known as “passing intestate”
When someone dies without a Will in North Carolina, state law directs who gets the decedent’s property.
This is known as dying intestate, and when this happens the property is governed by intestate succession laws.
Generally, only spouses, registered domestic partners, and blood relatives inherit under intestate succession, while unmarried partners and friends do not.
The general order of relatives who will inherit the decedent’s probate property is:
- Surviving spouse
- Children and grandchildren
- Parents
- Siblings
- Grandparents
- Aunts and uncles
- Other extended family
And it’s important to remember that many types of assets may be inherited outside of the probate process, regardless of whether there is a will or not.
For those items, intestate succession laws do not apply.
Some of those examples include:
- Property titled to a living trust
- Life insurance proceeds with a named beneficiary
- Funds in an IRA, 401(k), or other retirement account with a named beneficiary
- Securities held in a transfer-on-death account
- Payable-on-death bank accounts
- Property owned in joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety with someone else
Read More: What assets are considered probate?
Deadlines for Probate in North Carolina
Part of effectively dealing with North Carolina probate is understanding your time constraints — you generally have to get moving quickly. It’s not ideal, but the state likes to keep things moving along to prevent backups in the courts.
People often miss deadlines during probate, which really changes and complicates the process! You don’t want to be that person!
Here are the deadlines for North Carolina probate that you need to know:
While you have three months after the qualification as personal representative to submit an official inventory & appraisal of total estate assets to the court, a preliminary inventory of all assets is required within the initial Application for probate and "letters."
Personal representatives must also submit a supplemental inventory reflecting any significant changes in value or additional new assets promptly upon finding out that knowledge.
Unless you have an exceptionally good reason (e.g. health emergency), any interested person should petition to the Clerk of Superior Court for qualification as personal representative of the estate promptly after finding out about the death, otherwise you may cause confusion or even forfeit your right to be the qualified personal representative.
You must promptly issue a general Notice to Creditors upon the granting of "letters," as well as a direct notice to any known creditors immediately upon learning of them or at least within 75 days after the granting of letters.
🚨 Heads up: Failing to properly file a notice creditors may be THE most common mistake people make during probate. If you don’t do a thorough job, you may be personally liable for the estate’s debts— which is NOT fun.
➡️ Click here for an easy tool that makes sure you don’t miss any creditor notifications
Check out North Carolina Probate Code NCGS Chapter 28A for more information regarding items required to be included within the estate inventory, initial petition and notices to creditors.
Source: North Carolina Probate Code NCGS Chapter 28A – NCGS §28A-4; NCGS §28A-6; NCGS §28A-14; NCGS §28A-20
Relevant Forms: AOC-E-201; AOC-E-202; AOC-E-307; AOC-E-505
How much Probate in North Carolina costs
Probate and settling an estate generally costs an average of $15,000 unless you use tools that make it easier, but remember that the money you will be spending will be the estate’s money, not your own.
Do I have to pay the personal representative?
Yes. Being an executor or personal representative takes a lot of time, so they are usually compensated by the estate in return. If you’re doing all of the work for an estate in North Carolina and have been appointed the representative or administrator, then that person is you!
In the state of North Carolina, a personal representative is typically entitled to take fees in the amount of 5% of the estate and estate income (max), and as the court determines reasonable if total estate value is less than $2,000.
An example of customary rate charged by a corporate executor is a base rate of $10,000, (+) plus a percentage of the estate value as follows:
4% of the first $1,000,000
3% of the next $1,000,000
2% of the next $1,000,000
1% of any excess over $3,000,000
Source: North Carolina General Statutes – Chapter 28A Article 23 (NCGS §28A-23-3)
Do I need to hire a lawyer for Probate in North Carolina?
Lawyers can easily cost thousands of dollars during the estate settlement process, but if you know there is going to be a fight over any assets or have a complicated estate, it is definitely worth it.
Here’s how to think through it:
- You can absolutely prepare all of the probate forms yourself and do this on your own. Some states may require a lawyer for submitting them to probate court, but North Carolina doesn’t.
- A lawyer will save you time and headaches.
- A lawyer can make sure you don’t make big tax mistakes or miss any deadlines.
- The larger and more complex your estate, the more reasons there are to get a lawyer.
- While there are apps and tools that make probate much faster and more manageable for individuals, that doesn’t negate a lawyer’s worth. Nor does a lawyer mean using these tools is pointless. In fact, using something that lets you quickly value and catalog assets, communicate easily, and walk through the process step-by-step can lower the number of hours your lawyer spends, dropping the legal fees and improving the experience for everyone.
Read more: When Should I Hire a Lawyer for Probate?
